The type of software that helps improve the performance of a computer by managing files is known as disk optimization software. This software analyzes and reorganizes files on disk drives to enhance efficiency, speed, and reliability. Techniques such as defragmentation and disk cleanup are commonly employed to ensure that files are stored in an optimal format, reducing access time and improving overall system performance. Regular use of disk optimization software can extend the lifespan of a computer by preventing data fragmentation and other issues.