The technology that allows for the storage of multiple operating systems on one physical machine is called virtualization. Virtualization creates virtual instances of hardware resources, enabling different operating systems to run concurrently on a single physical server. This leads to increased resource utilization, flexibility, and easy management of workloads. It also facilitates testing and development environments, as multiple OS can be operated without needing separate hardware. Virtualization is widely used in data centers and cloud computing to optimize infrastructure and reduce costs.