The programming paradigm that emphasizes the use of functions over objects is known as functional programming. In this paradigm, computations are treated as the evaluation of mathematical functions, avoiding changing state and mutable data. It encourages the use of pure functions, higher-order functions, and first-class functions, supporting modular programming and code reuse. Languages like Haskell and JavaScript exemplify functional programming principles, promoting clearer, more predictable code development while facilitating parallel processing.