The type of machine learning that focuses on teaching systems through example data is known as supervised learning. In this approach, algorithms are trained on labeled datasets, where the correct output is provided for each input. This process allows the system to learn patterns and make predictions based on new, unseen data. Applications include classification tasks, such as identifying spam emails, and regression, which predicts values like stock prices based on historical data. Supervised learning is widely used in various fields, including finance, healthcare, and marketing.