The type of encryption used to protect sensitive information over networks is called encryption protocols. One of the most widely used protocols is Transport Layer Security (TLS), which ensures secure communication between web servers and clients. Encryption protects data by transforming it into an unreadable format that can only be decrypted by authorized parties with the correct keys. This is crucial for safeguarding sensitive information such as personal details, financial transactions, and confidential communications from potential eavesdroppers or cybercriminals.