The technology that facilitates peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing is primarily based on BitTorrent protocol and Gnutella network structures. P2P allows users to connect directly without relying on a central server, enabling them to share files like music, movies, and software instantly. Each participant acts as both a client and a server, distributing the load and improving the efficiency of file transfers. This decentralized approach not only enhances the speed of downloads but also reduces the burden on any single source, making it a popular choice for file sharing among users.