The programming method that focuses on reusability and encapsulation is called object-oriented programming (OOP). OOP organizes code into objects, which combine data and functions related to that data, promoting reusability through inheritance and polymorphism. Encapsulation ensures that object data is protected from unauthorized access while providing public methods for interaction. This architecture simplifies code maintenance, facilitates collaboration among developers, and enhances the organization of complex software projects. OOP encourages a modular approach to programming, leading to cleaner, more efficient code.