The programming language often associated with server-side scripting is PHP. PHP stands for "Hypertext Preprocessor," and it is widely used to develop dynamic web applications and manage server processes. It allows developers to embed server-side code within HTML effortlessly, making it suitable for tasks such as data processing, user authentication, and database interactions. Its ease of integration with various databases, especially MySQL, combined with a robust community and extensive documentation, makes PHP a popular choice for developing scalable web applications.