The difference between synchronous and asynchronous communication in computing primarily lies in the timing of interactions. Synchronous communication requires all parties to be present simultaneously, allowing real-time exchanges, such as in video calls or live chats. Conversely, asynchronous communication does not necessitate concurrent participation, enabling users to send and receive messages at their convenience, including emails or forum posts. This distinction impacts response times and collaboration dynamics, with synchronous approaches requiring immediate attention, while asynchronous methods afford more flexibility in communication.