The difference between machine learning and deep learning lies primarily in their methodologies and applications. Machine learning is a broader subset of artificial intelligence (AI) that involves algorithms using statistical techniques to enable computers to learn from data. Deep learning, however, is a specialized form of machine learning that employs neural networks with many layers, allowing for the processing of large datasets and modeling complex patterns. Deep learning is particularly advantageous in areas such as image recognition and natural language processing, where it achieves impressive results.