A test automation framework is a set of guidelines, tools, and practices that help automate the testing process of software applications. This framework allows for efficient, repeatable, and consistent testing across different environments and platforms. Key components include test scripts, which are automated instructions for executing tests; test management tools that track test cases and outcomes; and reporting tools that provide analysis of test results. Implementing a test automation framework enhances the quality assurance process by minimizing human errors and accelerating the testing lifecycle.