A microcontroller is a compact integrated circuit designed to manage specific tasks in electronics. It serves as the “brain” of many electronic devices, controlling functions through programmed instructions. Microcontrollers typically include a processor, memory, and input/output peripherals, allowing for communication with other components. They are widely used in applications like home appliances, robotics, automotive systems, and consumer electronics. By executing complex algorithms and interfacing with sensors or actuators, microcontrollers automate processes, enhancing functionality and user experience in a variety of devices.