A microcontroller is a compact integrated circuit designed to manage specific tasks within embedded systems. Essentially a small computer on a single chip, it includes a processor, memory, and input/output peripherals. Microcontrollers are used in various applications, such as home appliances, automotive systems, and robotics. They enable the automation of processes by receiving inputs from sensors, processing the data, and controlling actuators or displays. Their versatility makes microcontrollers essential for creating smart, efficient devices in modern technology.