The term "artificial neural network" refers to a computational model inspired by the human brain's structure and function. These networks consist of interconnected nodes or "neurons," which process information and learn patterns from data through a training process. By adjusting the weights of connections based on input data and expected outputs, these networks can recognize complex patterns and make predictions. Artificial neural networks are widely used in applications such as image recognition, natural language processing, and autonomous systems, playing a significant role in advancing the field of artificial intelligence.