Information architecture involves the structural design of information systems within web design. It focuses on organizing, labeling, and structuring content effectively to enhance user experience. By mapping out how information should be arranged and retrieved, designers ensure users can navigate the website intuitively. This process includes creating sitemaps, wireframes, and user flows that clarify the relationship between various elements of the site. A well-thought-out information architecture helps improve usability, accessibility, and search engine optimization, ultimately resulting in higher engagement rates.