API throttling involves controlling the number of requests a user can make to an application programming interface (API) within a specific timeframe. By limiting requests, API throttling helps maintain system stability, ensures fair usage among users, and prevents abuse or overloading of server resources. This technique also improves performance and response times for legitimate requests. Developers implement throttling strategies, such as rate limits or quota management, to enhance user experiences while maintaining the integrity and availability of their API services.