Cyber-physical systems (CPS) involve the integration of computational resources with the physical process, enabling interaction and control between the two domains. CPS typically includes sensors, actuators, and embedded systems that facilitate real-time monitoring and response. They play a crucial role in sectors such as automation, healthcare, and smart cities, where efficiency and reliability are paramount. By combining cyber elements with physical systems, CPS enhances functionality, supports decision-making, and improves overall system performance.