The main components of a server architecture include hardware, operating system, and application software. The hardware can encompass the physical servers, storage systems, and network components that house and manage data. The operating system, such as Windows Server or Linux, manages the resources and connectivity of these servers. Application software, which runs on the server, provides specific functions such as hosting websites, managing databases, or running enterprise applications. Together, these components work cohesively to deliver services and data to users.