The benefits of using Docker in software deployment include improved consistency, scalability, and efficiency. Docker allows developers to package applications and their dependencies into standardized containers, making them portable and consistent across various environments. This ensures that software runs the same way in development, testing, and production, minimizing the "it works on my machine" problem. Docker's containerization promotes faster deployment and scalability, as applications can be easily replicated and managed. Additionally, Docker's resource optimization capabilities allow for better utilization of system resources, leading to reduced overhead and streamlined operations, which enhances overall productivity in development processes.