Responsive design adapts web pages across devices by utilizing fluid grids, flexible images, and media queries. This approach allows the layout and content to adjust automatically based on the device's screen size and resolution, ensuring an optimal user experience. The goal is to enhance usability and accessibility, making websites visually appealing and functional on smartphones, tablets, and desktops. By prioritizing a responsive approach, developers can avoid issues related to layout distortion and excessive scrolling, ultimately leading to improved engagement and lower bounce rates.