Peer-to-peer (P2P) networking is a decentralized communication model where each participating computer, or peer, acts as both a client and a server. Unlike traditional client-server architectures, P2P networks allow peers to share resources such as files, processing power, and bandwidth directly with one another. This increases efficiency and reduces reliance on a central server. P2P networking is often used in file sharing applications, allowing users to download and upload simultaneously. The architecture can enhance redundancy and resilience, as the failure of one peer does not disrupt the entire network. However, it can introduce challenges for security and data integrity.