An SSL certificate enhances website security by establishing an encrypted connection between a user's browser and the web server. This encryption ensures that sensitive data, such as passwords and credit card information, is transmitted securely, protecting it from interception by malicious actors. Additionally, SSL certificates authenticate the legitimacy of the website, preventing phishing attacks by assuring users they are visiting a trusted site. In essence, SSL certificates are crucial for maintaining information confidentiality and are often recognized by the padlock symbol in browsers.