Tech companies protect intellectual property rights through various mechanisms including patents, trademarks, and copyrights. Patents provide exclusive rights to inventions, preventing others from using or reproducing them. Trademarks protect brand identity, ensuring that consumers distinguish the company's products. Copyrights safeguard original works such as software code, designs, and multimedia. Additionally, companies may rely on non-disclosure agreements (NDAs) to keep sensitive information confidential during collaborations and partnerships.