Real-time operating systems (RTOS) differ from general-purpose operating systems (GPOS) in that they are designed to process data and execute tasks within strict time constraints. RTOS prioritizes predictability and consistency in task execution, making them ideal for applications that require immediate feedback, such as embedded systems in automobiles or medical devices. In contrast, GPOS focuses on optimizing resource allocation for a wide range of applications but may not always guarantee timely processing.