The biome characterized by permafrost is known as the tundra. This unique ecosystem is found in high-latitude regions, such as the Arctic and Antarctic, where temperatures remain low for most of the year. Tundra vegetation primarily consists of mosses, lichens, and low-growing shrubs, adapted to cold conditions. The presence of permafrost limits root growth and affects nutrient cycling, leading to a fragile ecosystem. Tundra biomes are vital for studying climate change, as they store significant amounts of carbon and are sensitive to rising temperatures.