A type of mutation that results in a change in the amino acid sequence is known as a missense mutation. This occurs when a single nucleotide change in the DNA sequence alters the corresponding codon, leading to the incorporation of a different amino acid in the resulting protein. Such mutations can affect the protein's structure and function, potentially leading to diseases or disorders. Conversely, a nonsense mutation introduces a premature stop codon, truncating the protein. Understanding these mutations is critical in molecular biology and genetics, especially in the context of hereditary diseases and protein function.