The type of energy that sunlight provides to plants is known as solar energy. This energy is captured through the process of photosynthesis, where plants convert light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose. During photosynthesis, plants utilize sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce oxygen and organic compounds, which are essential for plant growth and development. This process not only sustains the plant but also forms the foundation of the food web, as plants are primary producers that feed herbivores and, subsequently, carnivores, thereby supporting entire ecosystems.