Chloroplasts play a critical role in plant cells by facilitating photosynthesis. These organelles contain the green pigment chlorophyll, which captures sunlight and converts it into chemical energy through the synthesis of glucose from carbon dioxide and water. Oxygen is released as a byproduct during this process. Chloroplasts not only enable plants to produce their food but also serve as a vital component in producing oxygen for the atmosphere, supporting life on Earth. Their function is essential for the growth and metabolic processes of green plants.