When light passes through a prism, it undergoes a phenomenon called dispersion. This process involves the separation of light into its component colors, resulting in a spectrum. Each color refracts at a different angle due to variations in wavelength. The visible spectrum, which includes red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet, showcases the diverse wavelengths of light. This phenomenon is not only fundamental to understanding light behavior but also plays a significant role in various applications, such as optics and the creation of rainbows.