The major event that intensified the understanding of genetic diversity and mutations was the Human Genome Project (HGP). Launched in 1990, this landmark research initiative aimed to sequence and map all the genes in the human genome, providing a comprehensive framework for understanding genetic variations. The HGP has had profound implications for fields such as genetics, medicine, and evolutionary biology, enabling researchers to identify genes associated with specific diseases, enhance our understanding of genetic diversity, and promote advancements in personalized medicine.