The term for the physical and chemical processes that occur in living organisms is metabolism. Metabolism encompasses two main categories: catabolism, which breaks down molecules to release energy, and anabolism, which synthesizes compounds needed for growth and repair. This intricate network of reactions is crucial for maintaining cell function, producing energy, and providing the building blocks for cellular structures. Understanding metabolism is essential for fields like biochemistry and nutrition, as it influences health, development, and overall biological function.