A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction is termed a catalyst. Catalysts function by lowering the activation energy required for a reaction to occur, allowing it to proceed more quickly and efficiently. They are not consumed in the reaction, which means they can be used repeatedly. Catalysts are vital in various industrial processes, such as the production of fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, and fuels. Enzymes, which are biological catalysts, also play crucial roles in metabolic reactions within living organisms.