The study of the structure, function, and behavior of ecosystems is called ecology. Ecology examines the interactions between organisms and their environment, including biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components. It encompasses a variety of sub-disciplines, such as population ecology, community ecology, and ecosystem ecology, to understand how species coexist, population dynamics, energy flow, and nutrient cycling occur. Understanding ecological principles is essential for conservation and sustainability efforts to protect ecosystems and biodiversity.