The significance of studying the relationship between structure and function in biology is paramount for understanding how living organisms operate. This concept explores how the physical form of biological components—such as cells, tissues, and organs—relates to their functional roles. For example, the unique structure of the alveoli in lungs facilitates the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Understanding these relationships aids in comprehending both evolutionary adaptations and physiological processes, informing fields such as medicine, ecology, and biotechnology.