A biome characterized by cold temperatures and permafrost is known as the Tundra. This ecological region is defined by its low biodiversity, short growing seasons, and harsh climatic conditions. Tundra is typically found in polar areas and high mountain regions, where the climate is too extreme for trees to grow. Vegetation primarily consists of mosses, lichen, and small shrubs. The permafrost layer inhibits root growth and affects hydrology, creating unique challenges for organisms living in this biome.