Biodiversity hotspots are regions that are both rich in species diversity and significantly threatened by human activities. These areas are crucial because they harbor a large number of endemic species that are found nowhere else on Earth. Protecting biodiversity hotspots is vital for maintaining ecosystem services, such as climate regulation, water purification, and soil fertility. Conservation efforts in these regions can help prevent the extinction of numerous species and maintain ecological balance. They also play a critical role in biological research, medicine, and agriculture by providing a reservoir of genetic material.