The scientific discipline that involves the discovery and classification of new species is known as taxonomy. This branch of biology seeks to organize living organisms into a structured framework, which includes naming, describing, and categorizing species based on shared characteristics. Taxonomy helps in understanding the relationships between different organisms and aids in the study of biodiversity. It includes several levels of classification, such as domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species, facilitating the identification and conservation of each organism.