The role of plasmids in genetic engineering is to serve as vectors for transferring genetic material into target cells. These small, circular DNA molecules can replicate independently of chromosomal DNA and are often used to introduce desired genes into bacteria or other organisms. In research and biotechnology, plasmids are manipulated to carry genes that confer beneficial traits, such as antibiotic resistance or enhanced metabolic pathways. Plasmids enable advancements in gene therapy, the production of recombinant proteins, and the development of genetically modified organisms (GMOs).