The role of chloroplasts in plant cells is to conduct photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy. Chloroplasts contain the green pigment chlorophyll, which captures sunlight and utilizes it to transform carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. This process not only provides energy for the plant’s growth and metabolism but also produces oxygen as a byproduct, essential for the survival of aerobic organisms. Chloroplasts are crucial for the energy flow in ecosystems and contribute to the overall productivity of the biosphere.