The process that converts light energy into chemical energy in green plants is called photosynthesis. This process primarily occurs in the chloroplasts, where chlorophyll captures light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. The overall equation can be summarized as: carbon dioxide + water + light energy → glucose + oxygen. This transformation is crucial for life on Earth, as it provides the necessary organic compounds for autotrophs and forms the basis of most food chains, supporting both producers and consumers.