The process by which fertilization occurs in flowering plants is called pollination, followed by fertilization itself. Pollination involves the transfer of pollen grains from the male anther of a flower to the female stigma. Once the pollen reaches the stigma, a pollen tube grows down the style toward the ovary, allowing sperm cells to enter and fertilize the ovules, leading to seed formation. This reproductive strategy enables genetic diversity and the continuation of plant species. The success of fertilization is crucial for the development of seeds and fruits, which play significant roles in plant reproduction and survival.