The primary way in which energy is transferred through space is via electromagnetic radiation, which includes visible light, radio waves, and infrared radiation. This form of energy transfer does not require a medium and can occur in a vacuum, such as in space. The sun's energy reaches Earth through electromagnetic radiation, where it drives processes like photosynthesis and climatic patterns. Without this energy transfer mechanism, life on Earth would be unsustainable, as it fuels the majority of ecological processes and systems.