The primary source of marine nutrients is the upwelling of deep ocean waters, which brings nutrient-rich sediments to the surface. This process fuels primary production, supporting phytoplankton growth, which serves as the foundation of marine food webs. Additionally, nutrients can originate from terrestrial runoff, ocean currents, and biological processes within the marine ecosystem. Understanding these nutrient dynamics is vital for managing marine ecosystems, sustaining biodiversity, and supporting fisheries that are critical for human populations.