The primary mechanism of genetic inheritance is through the transmission of genes from parents to offspring via chromosomes. In sexually reproducing organisms, this occurs during meiosis, where gametes (sperm and egg) are formed, each containing half the genetic material of the parent. Upon fertilization, the combination of these gametes restores the full number of chromosomes, leading to a unique genetic makeup in the offspring. This process underlies the principles of inheritance, including dominant and recessive traits.