Natural disasters primarily disrupt ecosystems by causing habitat destruction, altering species composition, and triggering chain reactions in ecological interactions. Events like hurricanes, floods, and wildfires can lead to the loss of flora and fauna, resulting in diminished biodiversity. Recovery can take years or even decades, depending on the severity of the event and the resilience of the ecosystem. Long-term impacts may include changes in species dominance and altered nutrient cycles, which can push ecosystems into new balances that may affect their services to humanity.