The primary function of phloem in plants is the transport of nutrients and organic compounds, particularly sugars, throughout the plant. Phloem tissue ensures that carbohydrates produced during photosynthesis in the leaves are distributed to other parts of the plant, including roots, stems, and developing fruits. This transport is crucial for growth, metabolism, and energy storage. Phloem works in conjunction with xylem, which transports water and minerals, thereby contributing to the overall health and efficiency of the plant's physiological processes.