The primary factor in the process of digiestion is the action of enzymes. These biological catalysts facilitate the breakdown of food into smaller, absorbable molecules. Different enzymes target specific macromolecules: amylases digest carbohydrates, proteases break down proteins, and lipases act on fats. Digestion involves both mechanical processes, such as chewing, and chemical processes in the stomach and intestines. Effective digestion is crucial for nutrient absorption, providing the energy and building blocks necessary for bodily functions and growth.