The primary driver of biodiversity loss in temperate forests is habitat fragmentation and destruction, mainly due to agricultural expansion, urban development, and logging. This process isolates populations, limits genetic diversity, and disrupts ecological processes, impairing the ability of species to survive. Climate change also poses a significant threat by altering environmental conditions, which can shift viable habitats and further jeopardize species. Conservation efforts must focus on habitat preservation, restoration, and connectivity to mitigate these impacts and preserve the rich biodiversity found in temperate forests.