The primary concept behind the precautionary principle in environmental science is to prioritize preventive action in the face of uncertainty regarding environmental harm. It asserts that if an action or policy poses a threat to public or environmental health, in the absence of scientific consensus, the burden of proof falls on those advocating for the action. This principle encourages careful consideration of potential risks and advocates for less harmful alternatives rather than waiting for conclusive evidence of harm. By applying this principle, policymakers aim to proactively safeguard ecosystems and human health from unforeseen adverse effects.