The primary component of the plant cell wall is cellulose, a carbohydrate polymer that provides structural support and rigidity. Cellulose is composed of long chains of glucose units, forming a robust network that gives strength to the cell. In addition to cellulose, plant cell walls may contain other components like hemicellulose, lignin, and pectin, which contribute to various functions, such as water retention and cell signaling. The cell wall is crucial for plant growth, protection, and overall health.